Patients' reactions to digital rectal examination of the prostate

Background:Digital rectal examination (DRE) of the prostate is a simple, fast, cost effective and safe procedure, however, because of previous painful experience, some men may refuse it. Other negative factors include cultural barriers, fear of discovering cancer and embarrassments. However, some men accept DRE because of their symptoms and wishes to contribute to science. The aim of this study was to examine how previous experience of DRE could influence a repeat and to further evaluate their impression before and after DRE including pain score. Patients and Methods:We evaluated one hundred patients who met the inclusion criteria using a structured questionnaire that detailed information on patients biodata, their previous DRE experiences, expectations before and reactions after a repeat. Pain score was also examined using visual analog scale of 0 to 10. Data were collated and analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. P-value was set at <0.05. Results:Mean age of patients was 64.88±7.53 years ranging from 46 to 82 years. Forty five percent of them complained of pain from previous DRE while 55% reported no pain. Forty one percent of the men anticipated pain before this present procedure but only 8% of them reported that it was painful and humiliating after the procedure. Fifty nine percent had good impression before DRE and after the procedure 92% reported good impression. All patients expressed their willingness to repeat DRE in future if need be and to encourage friends who may need DRE evaluation of their condition. Mean pain score was 0.59± 1.349 (0 ­ 9). Conclusion:Patients previous experience of DRE could negatively influence a repeat procedure because of pain, improper counseling apart from some cultural barriers. DRE in the hands of Urologists has been better tolerated than other clinicians. This calls for proper exposure of medical students to this procedure and need for continuous medical education for other clinicians for skills improvement.

Elaboração de salsicha de peixe pargo Pagrus pagrus de tamanho reduzido proveniente da pesca de arrasto com baixo valor comercial / Development of fish sausage using low commercial value red porgy Pagrus pagrus

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver salsicha utilizando o pargo Pagrus pagrus de baixo valor comercial capturado na modalidade de pesca de arrasto e classificado como na categoria "mistura" por ter tamanho reduzido para o mercado varejista e realizar análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas, toxicológicas e sensoriais. A salsicha foi elaborada na planta piloto da Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos utilizando 50% de surimi e 50% de filé. As análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e toxicológicas foram realizadas com métodos oficiais. O teste de aceitação foi realizado com 87 provadores que avaliaram o produto utilizando escala hedônica de sete pontos e também arguidos quanto à intenção de compra do produto. O produto foi considerado aceito quando 70% dos provadores atribuíram nota ≥ 4. Os resultados da composição centesimal foram: umidade 71,22%, proteínas 15,34%, lipídios totais 5,55%, carboidratos 6,11%, cinzas 1,78% e o valor energético 135,75 kcal. As avaliações microbiológicas e toxicológicas mostraram que os produtos apresentaram qualidade satisfatória conforme a legislação. A salsicha foi aceita por 82,7% dos provadores e o aspecto global do produto atingiu média de 4,93 (±1,69). Em relação à intenção de compra foi atribuída a maior porcentagem para talvez sim/talvez não (32%), seguido de provavelmente compraria (24%), e 28,1% informaram que provavelmente ou decididamente não comprariam. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o peixe de baixo valor agregado da categoria "mistura" resultou em produto embutido viável para o uso na tecnologia do pescado.

The aim of this work was to develop sausage using the low commercial value red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) caught in the "fish mix" category in the trawl fishery and to perform physicochemical, microbiological, toxicological and sensorial analysis. The sausage was prepared using 50% of surimi and 50% of fillet in Embrapa Food Agroindustry Pilot Plant. The physicochemical, microbiological, toxicological analyses were performed with official methods. The sensorial analyses were performed with 87 testers who evaluated the product using a hedonic scale of seven (7) points and were also accused of buying the product. The product was considered accepted when 70% of the tasters assigned a score ≥ 4. One sausage formulation was tested using 50% surimi. The results of the centesimal composition were: moisture 71.22%, proteins 15.34%, total lipids 5.55%, carbohydrates 6.11%, ash 1.78% and energy value 135.75 kcal. The parameters of microbiological and toxicological are within the current legislation for breaded products. The sausage was accepted obtaining 82.7% and the overall impression of the product reached a mean of 4.93 (± 1.69). Regarding intention to purchase for sausage, the highest percentage was attributed to maybe / perhaps not (32%), followed by likely to buy (24%), and 28.1% reported that they probably or decidedly would not buy. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the low commercial value fish of the "fish mix" category resulted in a viable product available for use in fish technology.

ESTUDIO DE BIOEQUIVALENCIA DE FORMULACIÓN DE PRUEBA Fibroneurina y la formulación de referencia de prueba Fingolimed 0.5 mg. Cépsulas duras en condición de ayuno / Bioequivalence Study of Test Formulation Fibroneurina and Reference Formulation Fingolimod 0.5 mg hard capsules under fasting conditions

Conclusion Bioequivalence Results: A total of 40 subjects were planned and enrolled in the study. Thirty-nine (39) subjects completed the clinical phase of the study and data of thirty-nine (39) subjects were considered for pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis. The 90 % CI's of Ln-transformed parameters for Fingolimod are summarized below: Safety results: Two (02) AEs were reported during the clinical phase of the study which were unexpected and not related to study drug, mild in severity and were considered for lost to follow up. No serious AEs (SAEs) were observed during the clinical phase. Conclusion: Based on the statistical analysis of Fingolimod on 39 subjects, it is concluded that the Test Product (T): Fibroneurina manufactured by Laboratorios Bagó, Argentina shows bioequivalence with the Reference Product Fingolimod 0.5 mg hard capsules Manufactured by Novartis Pharma GmbH, Germany. Date of the report: 04 February 2017

Gerenciamento de recursos materiais com enfoque na queixa técnica / Management of material resources with a focus on technical complaints / Gerenciamiento de recursos materiales con enfoque en la queja técnica

Estudo descritivo cujo objetivo foi caracterizar o processo de notificação da queixa técnica de material de consumo em hospital de ensino público e integrante da Rede Hospital Sentinela da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Os dados obtidos dos Impressos de Notificações resultaram em 260 notificações analisadas, relativas ao período 2007 a 2009. Os resultados apontaram predominância de não conformidades no grupo de material médico-hospitalar (80,4%) e as queixas principais se referiram à estrutura dos produtos utilizados (79%). Do montante das notificações, 7,7% foram encaminhados ao Sistema Nacional de Notificações em Vigilância Sanitária. Os enfermeiros foram os profissionais que majoritariamente (81,2%) realizaram as notificações. Os achados desta investigação revelaram a relevância da implantação e uso de sistemas de registros sistemáticos de avaliações de materiais, enquanto subsídio para uma gestão eficiente no que concerne à maximização de recursos econômicos.

Descriptive study aimed to characterize the process of notification of the technical complaint of consumables in a public teaching hospital, a member of Sentinela Hospital Network of the National Health Surveillance Agency. The data obtained was from the printed notices that resulted in 260 notifications analyzed from 2007 to 2009. The results showed a predominance of non-conformities in the group of medical-hospital material (80.4%) and the main complaints referred to the structure of the products used (79%). Of the total amount of notifications, 7.7% were referred to the National System of Notifications in Sanitary Surveillance. The nurses were the professionals who mostly (81.2%) made the notifications. The findings of this research revealed the importance of implementing and using systems for making systematic records of material evaluations as a basis for efficient management regarding the maximization of economic resources.

Estudio descriptivo que objetivó caracterizar el proceso de notificación de queja técnica de material de consumo en hospital de enseñanza pública, miembro de la Red Hospitalaria Centinela de la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria. Los datos obtenidos de los Impresos de Notificaciones totalizaron 260 notificaciones analizadas, relativas al período 2007 a 2009. Los resultados expresaron predominancia de inconformidad en el grupo de material médico-hospitalario (80,4%) y las quejas principales se refirieron a la estructura de los productos utilizados (79%). Del total de notificaciones, el 7,7% fue derivado al Sistema Nacional de Notificaciones en Vigilancia Sanitaria. Los enfermeros fueron quienes realizaron mayoritariamente las notificaciones (81,2%). Los hallazgos de esta investigaci ón revelaron la importancia de implantar y utilizar sistemas de registro informático de evaluaciones de materiales como respaldo de una gestión eficiente en lo referente a la optimización de recursos económicos